Counseling Models REVISED CHART OF TYPES OF THERAPY

TYPE / / GOAL / / THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP / / TECHNIQUES

Psychoanalytic. / / "To Turn Neurosis into Ordinary Unhappiness" / / Silent, occasionally venturing an interpretation, therapist as "one who knows" / / Dream analysis, attention paid to early childhood development and relations with parents

Adlerian. / / Encourage client's premises and goals / / Collaborative relationship / / Focuses on feelings of self that arise from relationships and conflicts

Existential Therapy / / Self-mastery, self-examination, creativity, client accepting responsibility for self / / Therapist as person, emphasis on quality of therapist-client relationship / / Not a technique-oriented therapy but instead a philosophical approach

Person-Centered Therapy / / Increased self-esteem and greater openness to experience / / Neutral and non-hierarchical and empathetic / / Restatement of client's statements in neutral language, unconditional positive regard, empathy

Gestalt Therapy / / Client awareness of self, environment, relation to others / / sharing client experience, giving feedback, a dialogue relationship without manipulation / / Internal dialogue exercises, guided fantasies

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy / / Goal and problem oriented, objective is for client to gain control of reaction to things by changing thoughts patterns / / Collaborative / / Homework, workbooks, self-observation of personal behavior and thoughts

Reality Therapy / / Learn better ways to fulfill basic needs and connect with people the client wants in his/her world...

It is, of course, important in the twenty-first century to separate out Psychoanalysis as a model for therapeutic procedure from wholesale Freudian theory. There are not many people who would still defend some of Freud's more bizarre ideas, like "penis envy." But the simple fact is that the emphasis placed by psychoanalysis on "unconscious motives" (in Corey's words) as a means to understanding the self is something that still holds a large appeal for the imaginations of many of those seeking help (455). There is a lot about traditional Freudian psychoanalysis that has now proven itself to be dubious science at best and downright dangerous at worst: for instance, Freud's bizarre emphasis…